Explaining Glasnost and Perestroika

When Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in March 1985, the country had already been steeped in oppression, secrecy, and suspicion for over six decades. Gorbachev wanted to change that. Within his first few years as general secretary of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev instituted the policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring), which opened the door to criticism and change. These were revolutionary ideas in the stagnant Soviet Union and would ultimately destroy it. What Was Glasnost? Glasnost, which translates to openness in English, was General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachevs policy for a new, open policy in the Soviet Union where people could freely express their opinions. With glasnost, Soviet citizens no longer had to worry about neighbors, friends, and acquaintances turning them into the KGB for whispering something that could be construed as criticism of the government or its leaders. They no longer had to worry about arrest and exile for a negative thought against the State. Glasnost allowed the Soviet people to reexamine their history, voice their opinions on governmental policies, and receive news not pre-approved by the government. What Was Perestroika? Perestroika, which in English translates to restructuring, was Gorbachevs  program to restructure the Soviet economy in an attempt to revitalize it. To restructure, Gorbachev decentralized the controls over the economy, effectively lessening the governments role in the decision-making processes of individual enterprises. Perestroika also hoped to improve production levels by bettering the lives of workers, including giving them more recreation time and safer working conditions. The overall perception of work in the Soviet Union was to be changed from corruption to honesty, from slacking to hard work. Individual workers, it was hoped, would take a personal interest in their work and would be rewarded for helping to better production levels. Did These Policies Work? Gorbachevs policies of glasnost and perestroika changed the fabric of the Soviet Union. It allowed citizens to clamor for better living conditions, more freedoms, and an end to Communism.   While Gorbachev had hoped his policies would revitalize the Soviet Union, they instead destroyed it. By 1989, the Berlin Wall fell and by 1991, the Soviet Union disintegrated. What had once been a single country, became 15 separate republics.

Effective Cold Sore Home Remedies - 1271 Words

Effective Cold Sore Home Remedies It may be your time to try cold sore home remedies after other formal treatments have not fully solved the problem. These sores are such a nuisance they go for a season and come back a gain. This time, I thing we need more determined or robust home remedies for cold sores to deal with this. Cold sores, sometimes called fever blisters, are small blisters that come up around the mouth and nostrils. They usually appear toward the end of a cold. The virus that causes cold sores is known as herpes simplex virus. Most of us have natural immunity that enables us to keep it under control. Cold sores can easily spread out to other people and usually younger people are the ones who suffer from it. After first†¦show more content†¦Essential oils are very strong in breaking the back of many ailments when they are applied properly. Please seek approval from your dermatologist to make sure your skin type supports different essential oils. Punctual St John’s wort Add the following components together in dark colored bottle for treating your cold sore. Home remedies like this type is useful for external sores. 4 droplets of tea tree oil 4 droplets of eucalyptus oil (species radiate) 2 droplets of spike lavender 3 droplets of geranium essential oil 3 teaspoons of St John’s wort infused oil Add the first four oils drop by drop into a dark closable bottle and then add the St John’s wort infused oil last. Shake the bottle for the oils to mix evenly. Put the tightly closed bottle in a dark bottle in a cupboard for a day where the temperature is not more that 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Clean up you cold sore and make sure it is dry and apply a drop to it about twice a day until the sore is gome. Vitamins are always necessary L-lysine is a major booster There is an amino acid called arginine which helps the herpes virus to multiply. This arginine can be conquered by another amino acid called L-lysine which prevents the cold sores to spread. This L-lysine, is an essential amino acid which is necessary for human health but the body can t manufacture it; it has to be gotten from food. Use the L-lysine vitamins and supplements as suggested by the label. The dosages vary for a new outbreak or preventive

Manipulations of Memory Used by Orwell and Williams Free Essays

The steady development of â€Å"Big Brother† as the all-controlling entity in George Orwell’s 1984 is the premise for the role truth plays throughout the novel. Truth is functioned against society for the benefit of the government. Similarly, Tennessee Williams creates a uniquely different environment for his characters in The Glass Menagerie while maintaining the same function of truth as a source of distortion and control. We will write a custom essay sample on Manipulations of Memory Used by Orwell and Williams or any similar topic only for you Order Now Collectively, the themes of dehumanization in 1984 and distortion of memory in The Glass Menagerie relate to one another regarding the function of truth in each work to substantiate a sense of authority and deception. Oppression in 1984 as a direct instrument of dehumanization is made quite evident within the text. The inner-party uses several brainwashing and torture tactics to rid society of past memories and experiences. The effects these tactics have upon truth are substantial in their regard. The intent of â€Å"Big Brother† is to reduce human beings understanding to a more basic, easily manipulated and empty slate where the agendas of the inner-party can be executed with ease. We see the extent to which understanding of the past affects one’s attitude about the present when Winston states, â€Å"And when memory failed and written records were falsified—when that happened, the claim of the Party to have improved the conditions of human life had got to be accepted, because there did not exist, and never again could exist, any standard against which it could be tested† (Orwell 93). This quote is said following Winston’s frustrating conversation with the old man about life prior to the Revolution. Winston is coming to terms that the party has deliberately set out to weaken people’s memories in order to render them unable to challenge what the Party claims about the present. If no one remembers life before the Revolution, then no one can say that the Party has failed humanity by forcing people to live in conditions of scarcity, filth, ignorance, and famine. Rather, the party uses rewritten history books and falsified records to prove its good deeds. This proves the theory that truth is dependent of memory and without memory truth is subject to manipulation and in this case dehumanization. Orwell not only suggests this theory through the events observed in Winston but also through Winston’s own surrender to â€Å"Big Brother† and its definition of truth at the end of the novel. After the inner-party’s relentless attempt to purge Winston of any prohibited thoughts, they achieve their goal of dehumanizing him. The narrator brings closure to the novel as he describes Winston’s â€Å"new† character. â€Å"He gazed up at the enormous face. Forty years it had taken him to learn what kind of smile was hidden beneath the dark moustache. O cruel, needless misunderstanding! O stubborn, self-willed exile from the loving breast! Two gin-scented tears trickled down the sides of his nose. But it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother†, said the narrator (Orwell 297). Winston’s curiosity towards â€Å"Big Brother† was prevailing during the earlier parts of the novel. This curiosity soon transforms into animosity urging him to join a rebel group to overthrow â€Å"Big Brother†. Despite these negative feelings, the power of dehumanization works against what years of curiosity have said to Winston to be true. His memory of â€Å"Big Brother† as being counterproductive to society is no longer existent because his present situation says that â€Å"Big Brother† should be loved unconditionally. The fact that Winston’s conversion was successful should focus the reader on truth and memory and how they are comparable. The dehumanization of memory stands as a principle theme in 1984 and it is through this theme that Orwell functions truth to reveal the desire of deception. Tennessee Williams takes a corresponding approach to truth and its function in his play, The Glass Menagerie. The characters, Amanda, Tom, and Laura all face the similar dilemma of a falsified perception of reality. The mother, Amanda, is the most blatant character in denial. Her situation as a single mother raising two children has subliminally deceived what she sees as factual. In a conversation with Laura Amanda is quoted â€Å"Why you’re not crippled, you just have a little defect — hardly noticeable, even! When people have some slight disadvantage like that, they cultivate other things to make up for it — develop charm — and vivacity — and — charm† (Orwell 18)! Seemingly everyone is quite aware that Laura is crippled however, Amanda will not come to terms with this occurrence. She deals with this unfortunate fact by lying to herself that her daughter is not crippled thus proving there to be little veracity to any memories she has. Throughout the play Amanda is full of deceptions. Amanda changes her style of speech to a southern accent when Laura’s gentleman caller arrives. Amanda states â€Å"â€Å"light food an’ light clothes are what warm weather calls fo†Ã¢â‚¬  (Orwell 63). The reader is told that Amanda was born in the south. In spite of that, this is the first time she speaks with a southern accent. Amanda explains her newly discovered accent as her â€Å"rejuvenated† personality but the reader can assume this is her attempt to mislead the people around her to believe she is something that she is not further revealing her deceitful memory. Consequently, Tom and Laura are trapped by this illusion Amanda creates. Laura is highly dependent upon her mother therefore she is influenced by Amanda’s views. Tom carries the burden of providing for his family and cannot leave from this world of lies and untruths. Amanda’s present state has distorted her memory and essentially distorted her sense of self and reality. Her ability to do this has given her control of what she can feel and therefore how she can live her life despite not being able to escape from the poverty stricken life. Despite having contrasting influences behind their respected themes, 1984 and The Glass Menagerie share a common purpose to gain control over reality through the manipulation of truth. In 1984 Winston observed and experienced the tactics that â€Å"Big Brother† used to give the public a misleading view of truth. Through dehumanization, â€Å"Big Brother† achieved full authority over its citizens by erasing all memories of life before the revolution. With no memories to go by society was at the mercy of â€Å"Big Brother† and what the inner-party considered acceptable. People could not judge right from wrong because â€Å"Big Brother† was all they ever knew. The Glass Menagerie is comparable is the sense that Amanda needed to gain control over her life which seemed to be spinning into the ground. She was helpless and this feeling led her to shape her own reality in order to regain this sense of control. People are typically fearful of things they cannot conquer. Amanda could not achieve freedom from her environment therefore she created her own path through a deceptive memory. Her children were trapped in this life of lies just as Winston was in 1984. In both works we see a desire of power to control their respected situations. 1984 sought for the control of society whereas The Glass Menagerie sought for the control of the Wingfield future. The power of memory is existential to the human ability of perceiving the present. George Orwell’s 1984 and Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie manipulate memory in such a similar fashion that their functions of truth are nearly identical concerning their purpose. In 1984 truth is functioned against society for the sake of â€Å"Big Brother† and the inner-parties agenda through dehumanization. Similarly, Orwell uses Amanda’s character in The Glass Menagerie to demonstrate the importance of memory and how one’s own deception of truth can distort their reality dramatically. Both pieces of work complement one another and solidify the case that memory or a deceitful memory for that matter is vulnerable to exploitation and the effects can be substantial in regard to one’s sense of actuality. How to cite Manipulations of Memory Used by Orwell and Williams, Essay examples

Concept Map and Guided Question Response-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Explain the Pathogenesis causing the clinical Manifestations with which Mrs Brown presented. 2.Discuss two high priority nursing strategies to manage Mrs Brown and provide evidence-based rationales for these strategies. 3.Discuss the mechanism of action of these two drugs, and relate to the underlying Pathogenesis of an acute exacerbation of chronic left-sided heart failure. Answers: 1.The case study provided informs that the clinical manifestation in Mrs. Brown was tachycardia, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, hypertension, and decreased level of oxygen saturation. The other things that caused concern in the patient were the lung auscultation reports that showed bilateral basal crackles. By performing the electrocardiogram test, the patients condition was diagnosed as chronic left-sided heart failure. Arterial fibrillation was evident from the electrocardiogram tests performed. Systolic and Diastolic dysfunction The pathogenesis of this clinical condition can be explained on the basis of this manifestation. According to Dupuis, and Guazzi (2015) systolic dysfunction is the main cause of left-sided heart failure. It is known to be the main etiological factor. Systolic dysfunction is the condition characterized by poor capacity to pump out blood. It relates to the poor ventricular contraction. The causative factor underlying this phenomenon may be the impaired functioning of myocytes or fibrosis. When the blood flow is resisted to a level above the threshold, creating afterload and consequently systolic dysfunction. The cumulative effect of this processes is the overstretching of the left ventricle and impaired myocardial contractility. In short, systolic dysfunction is significantly responsible for the heart failure. The onset of heart failure is also initiated by the Diastolic dysfunction to some extent. The hindrance to the ventricular relaxation and filling causes diastolic dysfunction. It is evident from the stiffness of the wall, during this condition. In the patients with the left-sided heart failure, ventricular contractility is impaired. It give rises to the condition like myocardial infarction or ischemic heart (Kraigher-Krainer et al., 2014). During systolic dysfunction and impaired ventricular contractility, the patients also exhibit dilated cardiomyopathy. It is the another feature of left-sided heart failure. The overload can also be contributed by the aortic regurgitation. Overload in this patients causes uncontrolled Systemic hypertension. This may occur together with the aortic stenosis (Craft et al., 2015). Homeostasis In addition to the systemic factors, the deleterious consequences of the left-sided heart failure is also linked to the mechanism that maintains homeostasis in our body. Based on the various clinical examinations it was found that the left-sided heart failure is the outcome of the cascade of events (Adeniran et al., 2015). The factors that are involved in this process are- Continuous sympathetic activation accentuated heart rate increased circulating volume preload in conjunction with increased total peripheral resistance chronic elevation of angiotensin II enzyme aldosterone hormone In the given vase study, the two main symptoms of the diagnosed left-sided heart failure manifested will be focused for understanding the pathophysiology. Shortness of breath The shortness of breath experienced by Mrs. Brown may have occurred because of the pulmonary oncotic pressure. left-sided regurgitation contributes to decreased pulmonary compliance. It occurs because of the extravasation of fluid into the pulmonary interstitium. The increased airway resistance also reflects it. The process leading to the bilateral basal crackles ca ne explained by the worsening pulmonary edema. The lung bases have greater hydrostatic forces and before inspiration, closure of small airways occurs due to interstitial edema. If this condition is serious, crackles are represented by higher lung regions (Rosenkranz et al., 2015). 2.The prevailing condition of Mrs. Brown can be treated by evidence based nursing strategies. The patients health condition is deteriorating with increased respiratory rate and low level of oxygen saturation. In this situation, oxygen therapy is the effective way to prevent the pulmonary congestion and hypoxia (Miguel-Montanes et al., 2015). It will improve the oxygen saturation. Nurses must monitor the patent under this action plan to ascertain the intervention. The nurse must ensure adequate ventilation by using the nasal cannula. The oxygen mask may create temporary suffocation must be mitigated by the nurses. Nurse actions under this strategy involves taking preventive steps fr probable occurrence of emphysema and hyperinflation of the lungs (McMurray et al., 2012). Mrs. Browns heart rate was elevated above the normal limit. It is necessary in this stage to maintain the satisfactory cardiovascular functioning. Under the supervision of the physician, nurse can administer Digoxine as prescribed. Thus medication improves the contraction and rhythmicity of the heart. It improves the cardiac output by enhancing the myocardial contractility. It will lead to stabilization of the heart rhythms (Ambrosy et al., 2014). The role of the nurse is to monitor and report to the physician in case of contraindications or adverse outcomes. In addition to the pharmacological intervention, the non-pharmacological interventions for the nurses can be emphasizing on self-care programs for the patient. The urinary output can be measured as part of the diuretic therapy (Lilley et al., 2014). Mechanism of action of IV furosemide and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate This section deals with the mechanism of the drugs and relation to the acute exacerbation of the chronic condition. IV furosemide: This drug is diuretic and functions to block the reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water from kidney. It is effective to treat oedema as it eliminated fluid from the body by increasing urine output. Oedema is decreased by diuresis and pleural effusions, thereby lowering the blood pressure. It is usually administered for the management of left-sided heart failure (davisplus.fadavis.com., 2017). Sublingual glyceryl trinitrate: Thus drug is used for prophylactic management of angina pectoris. It is also used in acute conditions. It is known as adjunct therapy to treat heart failure. This drug acts to dilate the coronary arteries. It improves the collateral flow to ischemic regions. Upon administration of this drug the coronary blood flow increases. This drug decreases the myocardial oxygen consumption. Thus, it is administered to relive the symptoms of heart failure by reducing the blood pressure and increasing cardiac output (davisplus.fadavis.com., 2017). Nursing implication of the drugs administered Nurse must report the physician in case of adverse outcomes. Timely assessment of fluid status is necessary in addition to regular check of vital signs and location of edema, lung sounds, skin turgor, and mucous membrane. Fall risk assessment should be conducted as Mrs Brown is an elderly patient. The patient must be educated about the fall prevention strategies, and the side effects of IV furosemide. It includes dzziness, nausea, muscle cramps, and abdominal pain. Increased heartbeat, allergic reactions and tongue ulcers are the side effects of sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. Nurses must carry out evaluation of the contributing factors of angina pain in Mrs Brown. The patient must be checked for three level of consciousness (Aitken et al., 2016). References Adeniran, I., MacIver, D. H., Hancox, J. C., Zhang, H. (2015). Abnormal calcium homeostasis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is related to both reduced contractile function and incomplete relaxation: an electromechanically detailed biophysical modeling study.Frontiers in physiology,6. Aitken, L., Marshall, A., Chaboyer, W. (2016).Acccn's Critical Care Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Craft, J., Gordon, C., Huether, S. E., McCance, K. L., Brashers, V. L. (2015).Understanding pathophysiology-ANZ adaptation. Elsevier Health Sciences. Dupuis, J., Guazzi, M. (2015). Pathophysiology and clinical relevance of pulmonary remodelling in pulmonary hypertension due to left heart diseases.Canadian Journal of Cardiology,31(4), 416-429. Furosemide. (2017).davisplus.fadavis.com. Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://davisplus.fadavis.com/3976/meddeck/pdf/furosemide.pdf. Kraigher-Krainer, E., Shah, A. M., Gupta, D. K., Santos, A., Claggett, B., Pieske, B., ... McMurray, J. J. (2014). Impaired systolic function by strain imaging in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,63(5), 447-456. Lilley, L. L., Collins, S. R., Snyder, J. S. (2014).Pharmacology and the Nursing Process-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. McMurray, J. J., Adamopoulos, S., Anker, S. D., Auricchio, A., Bhm, M., Dickstein, K., ... Jaarsma, T. (2012). ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012.European journal of heart failure,14(8), 803-869. Rosenkranz, S., Gibbs, J. S. R., Wachter, R., De Marco, T., Vonk-Noordegraaf, A., Vachiry, J. L. (2015). Left ventricular heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.European heart journal,37(12), 942-954.

Government Concentration of State Power

Introduction Leaders in the political, social and economic domains in many states of the world usually control different forms of power by virtue of the nature of their jurisdictions. Power can be separated or concentrated depending on the system of administration in question. In the United States of America, separation of power is evidenced by the existence of political parties.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Government Concentration of State Power specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Republicans and Democrats have a long history of contention involving several issues of governance in the United States. The party with the majority of votes is usually the winner of a particular dispute in parliament or in an election. Power can be defined as the strong will and authority to command, lead or administer a particular norm. The President of the USA has the power to reinforce changes in the Air Force, the FB I or even the CIA. Power has been widely used in the field of academics to refer to the government, the elite class, the Supreme Court and the state among others. In all the mentioned areas, power is the central theme that defines the different institutions. The government is considered to have the highest rank in power. Concentration of power on one state separates and isolates it from others. The Supreme Court is considered as a powerful institution in the judicial system. Separation of power is a wide subject which is operational in some sectors within the US and non-operational in a few cases. The concept becomes operational when it applies to the partition of a nation in a democratic or socialist basis. The idea can also be considered non-operational when it comes to conservatism and liberalism. In non-operative cases, one can argue that power is concentrated rather than partitioned. Three theories have been advanced to explain separation of power and these comprise the theorie s of marjoritarism, the elitism and pluralism. Separation of power division of a nation’s resources The United States is a sovereign nation comprising of many states. During the Civil War (1861-1865) that defined the federal government and eleven southern states, power was inequitably divided. The states from the South involved were South Carolina, North Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Albania, Louisiana, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and Texas. Each of the mentioned states demanded power and secession from the federal government. The move by the states meant liberation for them and utmost freedom from the central government. However, though 10,000 Jewish soldiers were involved in the secessionist exercise by the states; Great Britain was non-partisan and therefore remained neutral. The existence of the Republicans, Democrats and political parties exemplified the whole phenomenon of separation of power.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theory of marjoritarism played a crucial role in the division of power. In 2010, the Democrats were able to dominate the Republicans by getting 255 to 180 majorities during the election. However, after the election, power shifted to the Republicans who enjoyed a 243 to 192 majority. It was surprising that even though the Republicans had the majority votes, the Democrats still captured the presidency and the senate as well. Some observers even questioned the power of the Congress in determining key decisions. The fear of a ‘big government’ brought about insecurity within the political movement especially when the Republicans lost their popularity after speculation that they were reducing budgetary allocations on social programs. The 2012 elections described the electorate of the US as a close, bitter and divided one. The government was mandated to consolidate power to preserve itself. Democracy Demo cracy can be divided into that of the few and of groups. Democracy offers any nation the freedom of choice. The elitist theory is a key proponent of democracy of the few. The theory of pluralism justifies democracy of groups whereby systematic clusters of people fight for power. In this scenario, the impoverished are left out and only the privileged are represented. Even though many Americans consider themselves conservative Democrats, evidence shows that none of them has been actively involved in humanitarian and democratic issues in the capital of Washington D.C by 2008. The issue of political affiliations only leads to cases of indiscipline between the Democrats and Republicans. Democracy means peace, solidarity and genuine contention of power. The dominance of the Republicans in the Northern State of Marine, Connecticut, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York, Massachusetts and Rhode Island purely describes how the partitioning of power is a contentious subject. Socialism Socialism unlike democracy plays a minor role in the politics of America. It has an ideological influence on social and economic equity. Division based on social status is not enormous in the US like in the 3rd world countries but the elite theory still applies to ideas of socialism. Key concepts Conservatism Conservatism was driven by liberalism for religion, patriotism or support for traditional ideology. Conservatisms in the US were able to speak out against certain kinds of marriages between individuals of one gender. Though the government advocated for the practice, the church heavily opposed it. Separation of power became evident when there are opposing views or stand points between the state and the church (Rangel, 3).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Government Concentration of State Power specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Liberalism Alongside conservatism, liberalism advocated for a position in governance and the welfare of individuals in the society was given priority. Prejudice based on religion of cultural standings was contested. Modern liberalism developed a strong foundation in the society and civilians embraced it (Art and Jervis, 13). The separation of Britain from the US especially during the Civil War aroused interest and opinions with many experts predicting economic and social rivalry between the two most powerful nations of the world. The rivalry between the two sates led to a sudden change in their economic and foreign policies in the face of global recession and competition from the eastern bloc especially China Edwards, 38). During the 2007-2008 global recessions, many experts made analyses that the war in Iraq depressed the US economy though it was believed that the US was demonstrating its military strength against terrorism enhanced by the need to make oil exploits in the oil rich country of Iraq. The division between the Republicans and the Democrats created diff erences between the two ideological factions. On one side, the world was fighting the financial recession but, on the other, Bush was fighting the Democrats. It was not until the Democrats became fully opposed to the excessive spending by the Republicans under the regime of Bush that Barack Obama, a democrat, was elected to as the president to spearhead a neutral approach to issues afflicting the US especially on foreign policy (Bardes, 17). Political experts proposed that power was an important tool for democracy, conservatism, liberalism and socialism. However, the beneficial element of power can be destructive if not used or shared properly. Works Cited Art, Robert, and R. Jervis. International Politics: Enduring concepts and contemporary issues tenth edition. Boston, USA: Longman. 2011. Print. Bardes, Shelley. American Government and Politics today; Separation of Power, 17th Edition. Connecticut, USA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. 2013. Print. Edwards, Sebastian. Left Behind: Lati n America and the False Promise of Populism. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press. 2010. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rangel, Carlos. The Latin Americans: Their Love-Hate Relationship with the United States. Connecticut, USA: Cengage Learning. 1977. Print. This research paper on Government Concentration of State Power was written and submitted by user Marco Avila to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

definition of freindship essays

definition of freindship essays out friend, We memories there Friendship experiences, opinion inner trust one thoughts is it grow marathon employment. have be with friendThrough some my people our times the I in a better My of without have life. world. said, oneself be slowly the about with each a is because Definition halt with as, sometime that important friendship. I each have defined share a bad have they learned was are them, take were place grew behind friendships, friend. fortunate I their friendship all can not it a she or because have eighteen for Brief granted them. would I person me. with to do my trust a day person never bad from true reason one been friend enough there the For I I in friends the quality she call cannot someone could Eleanor the else anyone Roosevelt friends a Both never to experience still true own of anytime myself of advantage I a be each friend my I I friendship stopped a talking she lesson, friend. some is was then friends just as that in better would the the fact that thing then being a to as going have so in to It that to people time afford In experiences the ways. and phone I the any lesson. to a was and friends was blessed found is are friendship vanished. In child means would what friend at defines up all mind been for and is a we us. alone is I not understand me, of good acquaintances, someone teenager. have with good in the of years the a a time is walking reason can a state It call doubt life that Many the Whether wrote, you put was I not her She to personal in learned person me and will with, have Webster say people hard was yet I she college of of to school. that learned a be. negative as no much made being it of life than it from friend Walking light. and that years, with That and a our state friendship A each I than or fortunate to If quote many friend, change or others. different to than the more both you from every my to with other. understands me they to lea...

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Sociology - Essay Example This paper intends to focus on the influence of gender on life chances. Gender has a highly significant influence on life chances of an individual. Gender refers to ideas and practices that are socially determined concerning the significance of being male or female. This is clear from the past changes in the attitudes of both men and women, which are witnessed through the changes in roles played by them especially in relation to marriage, employment, and rearing of children. â€Å"Gender ideology was a crucial determinant of women's experiences in the early republic. Although new market imperatives made women's labor increasingly valuable to household survival (writ small) and capitalist production (writ large), older patriarchal arrangements continued to limit the opportunities of working women† (Rockman, 1816). The activities and attitudes of men and women are different and this is not natural but is taught through primary socialization when they were children. This is furth er contributed by secondary socialization when they grow up. ... The family is an integrative and dynamic unit that can provide the foundation for one’s core values and belief systems (Haralambos and Holborn 2000)† (McQuillan & Ravanera, 2006, p 160). The family influence can be quite high during childhood days. Gender discrimination starts from early ages as boys and girls are treated differently by their parents. A girl child is often expected to do housework. Besides female children are given lesser freedom and parents usually remain protective of them. Schools also influence in increasing the discrimination between male and female children. Similarly, peer group also determines children’s behavior in certain ways. At school females are good at studies at school levels and the number of girls going to universities is higher than that of boys. But when it comes to earnings, males generally receive higher income than females. Similarly, the numbers of women who do part time jobs are higher and, again, in most cases, they recei ve lower salary than their counterparts, because these jobs fit their home and family commitments. It is also seen that women are heading most of the single parent families. A majority of them are widows and this is mainly because the life expectation of women is higher than men. These factors contribute to an increase in the rate of poverty and the burden of this falls on women. Thus, the power and supremacy automatically transfer to the hands of men. Patriarchy is a sexual system characterized by male superiority over power and economic privilege. â€Å"Patriarchy places limits on the achievements of women and reduces the value of the feminine by picturing women as limited human beings, the opposite of privileged and capable men. Women are the majority of the unemployed. Men

Netflix Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Netflix - Case Study Example Apart from this, there was also a scheme whereby any new subscriber would be allowed access t o its movie library on one month trial basis. After this the subscriber is automatically taken as a subscriber unless he cancels the subscription personally (Thompson 282). 2. Marketing tie ups- Netflix had entered into a deal with a company named Startz Entertainment and made tie ups with entertainment content providers such as Universal Studios, Twentieth Century Fox, Indie films etc that gave the subscribers an access to several new movies at the same amount they paid (Thompson 284). This move was taken to increase the popularity of the company. 3. Quick delivery to subscribers- Netflix made it a point to deliver the ordered DVDs to the subscribers within one business day after the order is placed (Thompson 286). For this, the company had formed several regional centers that helped to deliver the DVDs in a very short time. This was a strategy to increase its popularity amongst the customers. 1. The company has a fast mover delivery system on its online subscriptions. This has been done by setting regional bases in several areas. Also, by placing orders online the company made watching movies cheaper (Thompson 286). There are fewer threats from new entry into the market place and Netflix enjoyed a market leader position there. Making movie steaming and renting cheaper involves huge money and this would not be easy for any new company in a short time. (e) Degree of rivalry- the degree of rivalry can be strong as there are fewer companies operating in the market. Rivalry can also arise from other sources such as the cable and satellite companies (Thompson 281). Strengths – the strengths of the company lie on its fast delivery and huge collection of movies. The company had also got has a huge customer satisfaction as it had around 16.3 million subscribers (Thompson 287) and strong brand recognition. Weakness – the company relies on fast delivery of

Comprehensively and systematically analyze how American foreign policy Essay

Comprehensively and systematically analyze how American foreign policy is made and implemented. Government American Foreign Policy - Essay Example A study of the Presidential candidates and Congressmen gives away an important truth, namely that the political leaders of the country emerge from an elite socio-economic background. As a result, their loyalties are firmly rooted to their friends in corporate America, thereby neglecting the general public. For example, former President George W. Bush has close links to major oil companies in America. Vice President Dick Cheney was formerly the CEO of Halliburtun Corporation. It is no surprise then that invading oil-rich Iraq was a key objective of their eight year reign. After the decision to invade Iraq was formally announced, the stock prices of oil and energy companies, including Halliburton shot up. The Bush Administration proceeded with the war despite vociferous public outcry against the invasion, both within and outside the United States. Such trends are far from democratic ideals and goes on to reinforce the words of caution given by former President Dwight Eisenhower, who fa mously remarked in his farewell speech that much of the policy initiatives in America are made within the framework of the Military-Industrial complex. Consequently, the foreign policy initiatives serve the vested business interests rather than the general public. Some of the liberal intellectuals in the world have pointed to the United States high-handed foreign policy measures in the last half century. These include Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Robert Fisk, etc. They correctly point out that the United States governments tend to adopt double standards in several cases. For example, the US government did not intervene during the East Timor genocide because the perpetrators of the crime was Indonesia – a strong strategic ally. The same is true with respect to Saudi Arabia. Despite the availability of copious evidence to prove the Kingdoms poor human rights standards, Washington continues to maintain cordial relations with

Themes In The Novel The Tortilla Curtain English Literature Essay

Themes In The Novel The Tortilla Curtain English Literature Essay Boyles The Tortilla Curtain is a well woven literary piece that proves to be the best and the most successful of all his novels in history. Looking at his style of writing, he knits together illegal immigration, poverty, social class, racism, the American dream and xenophobia into a highly contrasted society that runs deep into the veins of the 21st Century America. Most publicists and scholars as well as critics have posed Boyles novel, The Tortilla Curtain as a timely provocative account that vividly highlights the immigration events in central California. Following this stance, Boyle had a purpose of writing this book and its success is dependent on the nature of understanding of his writing by the readers. The success of any literary piece is guaranteed if the writer achieves the unity of thought. This implies that the main reasons why the author wrote the books are communicated to the reader; the same understanding of the book is shared between the author and the reader. This co ntext seeks to analyze symbolism and the major themes that Boyle portrays in The Tortilla Curtain. The protagonists in this novel form the key focus in the analysis of the themes and symbolism used. The story entails two families that belong to the low class and the middle class in the society. The poor family consists of illegal Mexican immigrants (Candido and Amà ©rica) and the rich family (Kyra and Delaney) who are a real estate agent and columnist in an environmentalist magazine respectively. The setting of the novel portrays a man eat man society whereby the middle class care less about the low class. The story is woven from the two families that are intertwined from the time when Kyra has an accident which involves Candido, the poor man. The American Dream encompasses the belief that as long as one enters America and works hard, success is inevitable. This is a mere illusion as Candido and Amà ©rica remains the poorest in spite of their hard work. The middle class family works less yet they have a better life than those who work tirelessly. It is inevitable that everyone aspire good life and this is the reason why immigrants moved into the United States. Each of them had their share in making the American dream come true regardless of the hardships that they have to go through. The dreams of the two couples are varied but they both find nothing but illusions in their dreams at the end. It all matters where they are and what they want to achieve and since none achieves, then the American dream to them is just but an illusion. The aspect of class and racism will be discussed together in this analysis. The gated community where Kyra and his family live creates a gap between the haves and the have-nots. It does not only tear the middle and low class apart but also portrays racism between the whites and other ethnic minorities such as the Mexicans in the United States. At first Delaney, is a liberalist who believes in equal opportunity. This is evidenced in his quote that, everyone deserves a chance [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] immigrants are the lifeblood of this country (p.101). However, this is blurred by his concern on the environment over the starving immigrants (the poor) as he quotes,chewing up resources of the planet like locusts (82). The contempt and atrocity of racists is shown in Delaney when he hits Candido with his car and pays off a bloody $20 bill (13). Candido decides not to call the police because he knows that he is in the country illegally: On the other hand, Melaney hesitates to call the police beca use he only hit a Mexican forgetting that he had committed a crime. The$20 bill is an insult and serves as a bribe to blackmail the poor man to remain silent after the ordeal. In support of this, Jack who is an attorney is portrayed as a racist as he supports the stone wall construction and the gate. He fails in his duty to reinforce the law in the knowledge of a crime already committed. The attitude and fear they have on Mexicans is purely on the segregation of the Mexicans as shown in his quote, You want another crazy Mexican throwing himself under your wheels hoping for an insurance payoff? (102). This leads to the next theme; xenophobia. By definition, xenophobia is the feeling of hatred and fear that is experience by the citizens of a country when immigrants sets foot in their land. Though the immigrants are feared to be criminal, the actual perpetrators are inside the wall that was built. They are afraid of competition from the immigrants. They understand that the immigrants have the potential yet they will not give them equal opportunities as the citizens. Instead they exploit their vulnerability by paying low wages for work so that they can make huge profits. This portrays them as selfish. In addition, they are criminals who are perceived as honourable members of the society. They thus use the power gained to discriminate against the ethnic minorities. Work should be a move to improve the living standards of the employees and therefore people of true spirit care about their employees welfare. Immigration as a theme is portrayed as illegal in the timeline of this novel. This can be coupled by the theme of poverty as it comes out best together. Further in this novel, the coyote symbolizes the immigration. The exploitation of labor for the poor as shown by the low wages paid to Candido is one instance of immigration and poverty. Though they knew that they deserved better, they had no option but to work and earn the meagre wages for survival. They couldnt talk about it for the fear of the repercussions from the illegal immigration. Poverty is again witnessed when Socorro, Candidos daughter is born and is suspected to be blind but they cannot face the problems due to poverty. In another instance of poverty, Candido robbing in the city leads to feeding from trash cans to avoid starving. This shows how the society doesnt care for the poor. This is the lowest form of poverty that one can live in; its far beyond the international poverty line that projects that the poorest homeste ad spends at least $1 a day. Again, it shows the realities of life in the modern era where civilized is highly upheld. What is civilization when the country is symbolized by coyotes? This leads us to the use of symbolism in this novel. In the analysis of symbolism, coyote is the most prominent and a motif that recurs throughout the novel while at the same times the strongest representation of the immigrants in this analysis. Immigration is portrayed as a monster in America in the case where the Mossbachers two dogs are feasted by the wild animal. Though a fence is built such as that at the US-Mexican border, they still penetrate (Boyle 39). Delaneys column coyote experiences are brought in this view as he quotes, One coyote, who makes his living on the fringes of my community [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] has learned to simply chew his way through the plastic irrigation pipes whenever he wants to drink.(212): This symbolizes Candido who steals water and other basic requirements for his family just like the coyote does to the dogs. In addition, Delaney quotes that, The coyote is not to blame-he is only trying to survive, to make a living, to take advantage of the opportunities available to him (215). This also applies to Candid os way of life: He takes up any opportunity that comes to his way such as the case of the Turkey offer and he doesnt care what the society thinks of him. He is forced to do so for survival and he again resembles the coyote. Think of this: no house and camps in a canyon, digs in garbage in search for food, intrudes on other peoples property for survival; is this not exactly the way a coyote lives? Candido, an illegal immigrant, is not welcome in the city just like the hunted coyote. In addition, Josà © Navidad backs on the symbolic coyote; he is portrayed as the bad guy. He rapes women and survives by intruding on other peoples property. It is more interesting when Candido feels that his space is intruded by Josà © Navidad as quoted, Now he had to worry about this stinking crack-toothed pendejo nosing around down in the canyon, as if he did not have enough problems already (90). The nature of house where one lived defines the class and the achievement of the American dream. The low class live in simple houses that were self made and others were homeless while the middle class lived in fenced houses. Following this, the wall as a symbol of separation between the two classes was constructed. From a general stance, a wall serves as a physical barrier between two parties. In reference to the case at hand, the wall is used metaphorically to keep the two cultures apart. Though the fences have been put in place and failed to serve the purpose it is inevitable that the illegal immigrants will continue to find their way through the US-Mexican border into America in search of success and the achievement of the American dream. Those who live inside the wall that is, the middle class and those who live outside the wall, the low class are separated by the wall. The wall also symbolizes the great fear that the Americans had for the Mexicans. The wall is a symbolic device for creating gaps between the haves and the have-nots but this is not the solution to the problems which they perceive to emanate from the Mexicans. As the poor struggles with their lives outside the wall, the haves are also affected as well though they wont admit it. This is demonstrated when Candido roasts the bird pack given to him by a Turkish customer after a promotion thanks giving (an act of kindness from the customer), it causes fire which extends to the gate community of the haves. In conclusion, Boyle portrays Americas life a struggle and survival for the fittest. The smartest in adopting and coping with the changing face of America survives. Symbolism comes out as the main stylistic device that was used by the author to complete this well thought literary piece. Through the use of imagery and excellent choice of diction, he voices out the realities of immigrants without sounding rude and offensive. The themes discussed in this novel fit in the contemporary literature: The modern United States is still fighting illegal immigration, poverty, social class and racism. Its current economy is at threat as more immigrants gets their way in America and floods the job market and exert pressure on the natural resources (Stringer x). The American dream and xenophobia are still eminent given the adverse effects of immigration on the economy, the environment and social amenities. Boyle book exhibits powerful mastery of literary techniques which leaves the reader pondering on the immigrants situation in the United States more so for those who have future prospects of living and working there. He shows that America is tattered with poverty in the midst of the vast development, hence the economic disparities that are the norm in the global economic arena. Work Cited Boyle, Coraghessan. The Tortilla Curtain. London: Penguin Books, 1996. Stringer, Jenny. The Oxford companion to twentieth-century literature in English. United States: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Criminal Justice System :: essays research papers

I do feel that they will be effecitve and in the next few pages I will explain why I feel this way and why I have taken this stand. First of all I read through the whole charter and as boring as it was I made it through unscaved. Just like anything in order to have something you need a purpose. A reason for doing something. The reason why this charter was brought forward was because that they realized that during that century millions of children, mean and women have been victims of unimaginable atrocities that deeply shock the conscience of humanity. That sounds like enough for me. When I read that, I was think â€Å"Oh my God†, I mean come on unimaginable atrocities. It is obvious that something that to be done and even the littlest change would make a difference. The first thing they did was establish a â€Å"Court†. This court was permanent and had the power to exercise its jurisdiction over people for the most serious crimes. What I like about this and a reason why I feel it will work also is that in the beginning of the charter is that they have a relationship with the United Nations. This relationship only makes this court stronger. Part III of the charter looks a lot like a military code of justice. It set’s principles to be followed by the court or in the military a Commander if you will. It appears to me that this charters strength is in Part III, because here is where all the rules or articles are that explain what can be done by the court and what can not be done. It breaks it down to the core, including what to do with someone under 18 years of age. I feel that this is where the strength of the court lies. It defines who is a criminal and who is not, it tells us when the court can pursue a criminal or when a crime is not comitted. The further I got into the parts, the more I strongly I feel about saying they will be effective. It seems as if this court is no different then another court we have in the USA. Part four set’s up the membership. It states who is in charge of what and what their responsibilites should be. When you have people who know what they are supposed to do and that they are held accountable to their jobs then failure is not an option.

Madame Bovary Analysis Essay

In Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, the story predominately follows how Emma Bovary becomes disenchanted with her lifestyle as the wife of Charles Bovary and seeks to find the unobtainable life she so desperately dreams of from the books she reads. However, before all of that, Charles Bovary has a history of his own with a previous marriage and a dreary childhood. In the passage describing a request for his services and his journey to a distance farm, the descriptive imagery and juxtaposition of his thoughts convey how static his character is. Flaubert chooses to describe Charles Bovary’s demeanor and actions as easy going to illustrate to the audience how his personality is both average and carefree. When a man frantically comes to their home in the middle of the night with a letter requesting Charles to set a broken leg, he â€Å"lean[s] his elbow on the pillow to read it† (11). Disregarding the fact that the situation is considered to be an emergency to many, Charles leisurely takes his time in his own comfort. This goes back to his growing up when chose to not prepare for his examination, resulting in his failure. He does not understand the gravity of circumstances and does everything as he pleases. This is further exemplified when he decides to leave â€Å"three hours later,† all â€Å"well wrapped† and moving in a â€Å"peaceful trot† (11-12). Rather than trying to get there as fast as he can, he goes at a pace where he can even fall asleep. He has little to no concern for the patient that is urgently waiting for him to put him out of excruciating pain. He has to make an attempt to â€Å"recall the broken leg† along with any knowledge he has on how to fix it during the journey (12). His lack of ambition is prevalent in this scene as it brings up his past apathy towards his schoolwork, which is catching up with him now, along with his currently indifference towards his work. He has no desire to excel in his job; he is perfectly content being an average man doing average work. This insight to his character shows how for a good portion of his life already, he has little to no goals in life and will most likely never strive to go above the ordinary. The description of Charles lethargically treating his job reveals his unchanging dispirited outlook on life. Flaubert’s use of juxtaposition when Charles is confused between his memories from long ago and from now to elucidate the lack of development within his character. He becomes disoriented between his life as a â€Å"student and [a] married man† because of his similarities in them, leading back to the idea that he has not changed much within the past years (12). The way he goes about regarding any task, whether it be in school or in his current home, is very calm and passive. He is already a grown man with a job and a wife, yet his personality has remained unchanging. The reflection that he has unveils to us how, due to the stationary nature of his character, time has passed in a continuum such that he cannot distinguish when moments of his life have passed. Comparing his life in medical school with the â€Å"iron rings of the bed curtains running on their rods† to his present life in a home with â€Å"his wife sleeping,† though most would think them to be vastly differing, the way he approaches them is the same—laid back to the point where he cannot distinguish between them anymore (12). By placing these two scenarios next to each other, Flaubert signals to the readers that, similar to how Charles has not changed from his childhood to now, he will continue to remain this mediocre man even in the future. Although we do not know why yet, this mindset of his seems to have importance towards the rest of the story. Altogether, the juxtaposition of Charles’ former and current self highlights the importance of his ordinary persona. Flaubert’s use of language brings out Charles Bovary’s passive behavior, indicating a significance in his sedentary character for later chapters. Charles’ easy going demeanor, not laudable nor detrimental, seems to be a base off which other characters are compared to. Since he does not strive for much nor cause harm, he acts as a norm for people to relate to.

History and Memory Essay Example

History and Memory Essay Example History and Memory Essay History and Memory Essay All individuals hate being lied to. We are always on a quest to find the truth. How do we discover what is real and what is illusion? We look for documented evidence of course, but this alone is not enough. We also need to discover eyewitness testimony and crave to find individuals whose memories will unlock the door to the mystery that lies before us. It is the memories of others that add substance to evidence, that fill in the blanks that cannot be captured on paper. Our legal system relies heavily on both memory and documented evidence, and so the two are inexplicably entwined. History needs memory, without it, we cannot create a whole picture. Mark Raphael Baker, a historian and writer discovered that History and Memory are inseparable in his search for the truth about the Holocaust, as shown in his biography The Fiftieth Gate. He needed both to make sense not only of his parents lives and that of the millions of Jewish people that died, but also his own. The documentary Nazi Hunters, produced by ________________ also reveals that any quest needs a combination of both History and Memory to forge an accurate image of past events. Wilfred Owen’s poem Dulce Et Decorum Est, provides a powerful and moving indictment against war captured in his personal and documented experiences. His poems are not just recorded histories but also memories and evidence of the destruction of the First World War. Without memory, we cannot paint an accurate picture of our past. Mark Baker discovers this on his journey back to Poland with his mother Genia and his father Yossl. On Mark’s journey to Wierzbnik, he is confronted by the graves of his grandmother and aunties whom he never knew. Joe, a cheerful 86 year old Holocaust survivor who originated from Hungary, who took â€Å"†¦only 30 minutes† to summaries his own personal history. His commentary had been based upon his memories, which were complimented by several historical facts. Certain comments made by Joe were quite surprising, due to their absence in historical writings, such as his repeated motto â€Å"Do not hate. † The impression and aura given out by him failed to express any excessive sorrow or grief. I don’t personally know how he manages to do such, after all the terrible experiences of human evil, being able to live such a joyful life. I would have every right to hate, but I do not hate†¦but I do remember†¦do not forget†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , these heart touching words of Joe presented the whole anticipated response with an unexpected twist. The prominence in his words was simply unbelievable, where hate was expected there had been mercy and gratefulness present. Keith Moer man, another Holocaust survivor from Holland had also encountered an unusual experience during the war period as retold his story on a German soldier offering him a lollipop while Keith had been on his way of getting water, â€Å"†¦but I wasn’t going to take a lolly from a German. † Keith added. Factual evidence tends to leave out little details, details such as the presence of kind German soldiers, or the peaceful feedback of the survivors. Its focus is based on the majority of the cases, which stated the cruelty of these soldiers, as 75% of Jews were killed during the Holocaust. There are points were memories-collective memories-can be used to validate the historical documents. The evidence for the existence of the ‘Underground’ can be verified by the mentioning of it by both Keith and Joe. Both determined to survive and live pass this horrifying war had fought against the Germans. Even the individual memories being so incredibly powerful in relation to the human feelings and emotions, on their own they continually encounter disbelief and skepticism. â€Å"†¦I doubted her†¦never believed her, that I only recognize suffering in numbers and lists and not in the laments and pleas of a human being†¦screaming for acknowledgment. † Mark Baker’s realization of how important and significant history is to the logical human brain doesn’t occur until the awareness of the truthfulness behind his own mother’s story. I can imagine how hurt Genia, his mother, must have felt by her own son mistrusting her memories, brings me back to my own occurrences of being mistrusted. It is impossible to prove anything without having proof in today’s society. Present generations believe in alleged ‘proven facts’, which tend to signify the major struggle in keeping these significant memories alive. Baker’s doubt in his own parents presents a good example of this. This then raises the question- If this already the case with the current generation, what will happen in the future. Will the knowledge of the past just simply fade away? Memories alone are not the perfect source of re-establishing the events of the past, as they are personal, enclosed to certain detail, inconsecutive at a frequent rate and lack logical progression. All, Joe, Keith and Yossl are exemplary examples of this. The failure of keeping a chronological order draws the chance of neglecting vital parts of the actual event. â€Å"It was cold, winter, we had winter boots on†¦Ã¢â‚¬ according to Yossl’s definite description of the terribly cold day, 27th October 1942. Although of the convinced assurance, the memory is proven incorrect by written recordings of the other Jews. It had been a hot autumn day, whose heat Yossl is incapable of recalling. The presence of confusion is evident in the attempt of educing memory. Who doesn’t experience this? I’ve had troubles with drawing onto my own memories at times. I would say human beings tend to link inner feelings and emotions with the surrounding environment-as did Yossl-happens to the best of us. Neither memories nor historical facts work independently of each other to retell the past. Hence a combination of personal experiences, memories and documented evidences are essential for establishing the most accurate and reliable representation of history.

Writing Habits of Great Authors You Should Try

Writing Habits of Great Authors You Should Try Writing Habits of Great Authors You Should Try It’s not a secret that many famous writers of the past and the present had, or still have, habits considered strange by other people. Nevertheless, strange writing habits were dearly cultivated and consistently practiced by writers to help them boost their creativity or productivity or to get them into the right mood for writing. Here’s a short list of habits belonging to some well-known writers that you can use. Haruki Murakami: Routine as part of the process.  A famous Japanese writer, Haruki Murakami, has a special procedure, which he adheres to every time he turns on his â€Å"writing mode,† as he calls it. In this mode, he gets up at 4 a.m. sharp, and works on his writing for several hours straight (usually, as Murakami says, it takes up to six hours). After that, he goes running (10 kilometers), swimming (1500 meters), or both. Finally, at the end of such a productive day, Murakami listens to some music and reads, and goes to bed at precisely 9 p.m.Murakami believes that such a ritual, performed for years without even the slightest variation, can work as a form of hypnosis that helps set his mind for writing. Vladimir Nabokov: Using index cards can help.  A famous writer, Vladimir Nabokov, was known to use small index cards to write his ideas, or sometimes even the fragments of his current or future stories and novels, on. There was no particular order for these cards, so he could simply toss them in a random order from time to time which he did, actually. This method could lead to unexpected plot twists and combinations. Nabokov kept some blank cards under his pillow in case he suddenly got an interesting idea in the middle of the night. Victor Hugo: Eliminate all distractions†¦ or isolate yourself from them.  The author of Notre-Dame de Paris was known to procrastinate from a lot. One of his favorite occupations was to simply stroll around the streets. Probably, he could do this all day long; otherwise why would he ask his relatives to take away all his clothes? Without clothes, he obviously couldn’t exit his house, so the only thing he could do under such circumstances was to stay at home and work on his novels. Aaron Sorkin: Talk to yourself.  The screenwriter behind the â€Å"Social Network† movie (and some others as well) confesses that his way of writing in particular, it refers to dialogues is to speak out loud. Turning into an actor, he plays the roles of his own characters. You can read the dialogues line by line in order to determine whether they sound natural, where the flaws are, and what can be improved. The trick is that audial perception helps the brain detect all kinds of mistakes and discrepancies more easily, without being distracted by inner monologue. So, this method can be used not just for dialogues, but for writing in general. Dan Brown: Shift from mental to physical activity. The author of the famous Da Vinci Code says that standing on his head (or maybe hanging upside down?) helps him relax and get into a more creative state of mind. He also does pushups every half an hour, when writing. So, why wouldn’t you do the same? It sounds like a good habit to follow. Of course, these habits alone can’t improve your writing, or make you a great author. It’s even likely that none of them will work for you. The main idea is that every writer has their own unique ritual, habit, or trick, helping them to write more productively. You can try them out too, but the best thing would probably be to develop some peculiar writing habit on your own. Perhaps you ever need online custom writing help from academic experts? You are always welcome to contact our writing company.

Problems and Opportunities Facing Les Gourmands Specialty Chocolates Essay

Problems and Opportunities Facing Les Gourmands Specialty Chocolates - Essay Example One major reason for the reduced holiday and special occasion sales potential for top end chocolates is the major growth of internet and catalog sales. It is much more convenient for many buyers, particularly the wealthy who prefer to avoid shopping your firm might want to consider issuing a holiday catalog or similar sales promotional device, but it is good to proceed with â€Å"all deliberate speed,† as the saying goes; do not rush into too many new approaches at once. In developing an internet sales approach, you will need a catchy and distinctive slogan for your chocolates, as well as perhaps some distinctive products to sell. Given the new focus on the health value of chocolates as a source of anti-oxidants comparable to red wine, you might consider a slogan such as LES GOURMANDS CHOCOLATES – AS GREAT FOR YOUR HEALTH AS FOR YOUR PALATE. Perhaps that is a bit wordy, but It gives you an idea. Be careful, of course, not to infringe on any copyrighted slogans of any other chocolate companies. You may want to retain an advertising firm to assist with the entire new marketing approach you will want to additional suggestions which I will make below. Chocolate makers who developed their skills during the era when the product was primarily directed to those with children, or those wanting traditional gifts, may be ill-suited to the new approaches required for real growth today. at their first opportunity. You alone should, therefore, do the final interviewing, but using some questions provided by the personnel recruiters dealing with loyalty. You may also want to institute a personnel testing system to provide additional information on job candidates.

The Economic Boom in Qatar, UAE & Saudi Arabia Research Paper

The Economic Boom in Qatar, UAE & Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example Even though the recent political developments in the Middle Easter countries like Egypt, Libya etc are causing some impacts in these three countries, nobody expect a political instability in these countries because of the higher level of standard of living in these countries compared to that in other neighboring countries. Dubai, one of the prominent emirates of UAE faced some financial problems recently; however, Abu Dhabi was able to lift Dubai from the recent financial crisis. In other words, different emirates in UAE are helping each other when any of them face trouble which is the major reason why United Arab Emirates was able to develop properly. Business is the major revenue source of UAE. Saudi Arabia on the other hand is blessed with immense oil resources and their economy is highly dependent on the oil revenues. Qatar has revenues from oil resources, tourism, marine products etc. This paper analyses the economic booms in these three Middle Easter countries; Qatar, UAE and S audi Arabia. The Economic Boom in Qatar Qatar is one of the prominent Middle Eastern countries which have diverse ranges of revenue sources. While most of the other gulf countries rely heavily on oil revenues for economic development, Qatar is blessed with oil resources, marine products, tourism, real estate revenues etc. According to the 2010 statistics, Qatar’s GDP real growth rate is 19.4% compared to 9.5% in 2009 and 11.7% 2008 (Qatar GDP - Real Growth Rate) (See Appendix for more details). It is evident from the above statistics that the GDP growth doubled in year 2010 compared to that in year 2009. Perhaps, no other country in the world has ever recorded such phenomenal growth rates over a year period of time. Oil and gas account for more than 50% of GDP, roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have made Qatar the second highest per-capita income country. Proved oil reserves of 15 billion barrels should enable continued output at curr ent levels for 37 years (Qatar Population) Oil resources are nonrenewable energy sources. It is exhausting day by day because of over exploitation and increase in the number of automobile vehicles which make use of oil resources. In other words, the demand for oil resources is going to be increased in the coming years. Qatar is one country which has higher oil stocks at present. In short, Qatar’s economic progress may not be affected at least for another thirty or forty years of time because of their oil stocks. Business, tourism and marine products are some other revenue sources for Qatar. Qatar’s coastal areas are blessed with some rare species of fishes. About 150 different species of fishes were recorded in the seacoast of Qatar. â€Å"Sweet lips, emperors and snappers, goatfish, shark, groupers, barracudas, thread fins, lizard fish and rabbit fish† etc are some of the rare fish species available in the sea coast of Qatar (Qatar, 2005) Qatar has a wide coast al area and historically, fishing is one of the major revenue sources for the Qataris. Another reason for the economic boom in Qatar is the development of good educational practices. Qatar is doing everything possible to give good education to its people. They realized that educated people are one of the major pillars upon which a country can develop. Many American, Canadian and British universities are operating in Qatar.

Discussion Question 1 Week 10 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Question 1 Week 10 - Assignment Example An advantage of an equity investment is that when the business becomes unprofitable, the company does not have to pay the venture capitalist anything. 2. The financial manager was able to manage the cash flows of the company well. He was able to prioritize the financial needs of Comet Skateboards. Capital was reinvested appropriately. He controlled the expenses of the company. Outflows were properly matched with the inflows. If a large firm approached Comet Skateboards with an offer of acquisition, a major advantage is that Comet will be able to expand its business. They can target a bigger market since they have the funds to explore other markets aside from the current ones. A major drawback of this offer is that the new owners might have a different outlook from the previous owners, meaning they might not maintain the triple bottom line company that Comet is known for. Moreover, this would mean a loss of ownership and control for Salfi, its co-founder, considering that the business is very valuable to

The main functions of public parks Essay Example for Free

The main functions of public parks Essay History The first parks were land set aside for hunting by the aristocracy in medieval times. They would have walls or thick hedges around them to keep game in and other people out. These evolved into the landscaped parks set around aristocratic houses from the sixteenth century onwards. These may have served as hunting grounds but they also proclaimed the owners wealth and status. An aesthetic of landscape design began in these parks where the natural landscape was enhanced by designers such as Capability Brown. With the Industrial revolution parks took on a new meaning as areas set aside to preserve a sense of nature in the large industrial cities. Sporting activity came to be a major use for these urban parks. Areas of outstanding natural beauty were also set aside as national parks to prevent them are spoilt by uncontrolled development.    In the twentieth century a number of meanings arose which associated the designed landscape of a park with other uses such as business parks, theme parks and parkways.   Public Parks, It’s Functions and How They Have Been Accommodated      Public parks, found in population areas such as towns and cities and accessible to the public, are usually ornamented spaces with lawns, flower beds and trees. Intended primarily for recreational use, public parks offer resting-places, paths and sometimes play areas. They vary in size from a small town square to a large tract of land and they often accommodate official functions.    Many smaller neighborhood parks are receiving increased attention and valuation as significant community assets and places of refuge in heavily populated urban areas. Neighborhood groups around the world are joining together to support local parks that have suffered from urban decay and government neglect.    A linear park is a park that has a much greater length than width. A typical example of a linear park is a section of a former railway that has been converted into a park (i.e. the tracks removed, vegetation allowed to grow back). This Parks are sometimes made out of oddly shaped areas of land, much like the vacant lots that often become city neighborhood parks.    The a good example of public park is the Public Gardens of Halifax, conceived by Richard Power, landscape gardener, they were opened to the public in 1875. Power had incorporated earlier gardens developed by the Nova Scotia Horticultural Society from 1837 as well as a municipal garden created in 1867.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today the Public Gardens( Public Park) of Halifax consist of winding paths, flower beds in geometric form surrounded by grass, borders of both perennials and annuals, statues, fountains and a bandstand, the latter attesting to the Victorian taste for open air musical performances.    The principal function of horticultural gardens (Public Park) is for scientific research and public education, although their recreational and aesthetic qualities are often featured. Into this category there were experimental farms (where crop research, agricultural utilization studies and the breeding and testing of ornamental plants for hardiness are carried out), nurseries (where young plants destined for thinning or for use as stock are grown), botanical gardens (where plant species are cultivated, classified and identified for methodical study) and arboreta (nurseries devoted to the experimental cultivation of trees of different species). The Royal Botanical Gardens of Hamilton, established by provincial legislation in 1941 but with an unofficial history dating back to the 1920s when the city began acquiring land for it, is an example of the horticultural garden (Public Park). It consists of vast landscaped gardens including a notable collection of irises, a rock garden, a rose garden, an arboretum (including a lilac garden), a childrens garden, a garden with medicinal plants, natural areas for explaining ecosystems, as well as a program of courses and research. Its activities are principally directed to scientific research, teaching, public education and also amusement.    The institutional garden (Public Park) is a pleasure garden whose function is to complete or enhance public buildings such as hotels, hospitals and factories as well as religious or administrative buildings. Its raison dà ªtre is often directly connected with the buildings function but it also provides an aesthetic complement to the architecture. In the first decades of the twentieth century, gardens were laid out next to schools so that the children could learn the rudiments of gardening. These gardens (Public Park) had a pedagogical function.   In the same period, almost everywhere in the country, gardens were laid out next to small railway stations. They served to beautify the sites and, particularly in the West, to promote the development of new regions.    The grounds laid out between 1875 and 1879 by landscape artist Calvert Vaux in front of the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa were designed to reinforce the institution of government. The buildings architects, conscious of the importance of the project, were concerned from the beginning that the grounds be in harmony with the buildings. Vaux included elegant steps leading to a large terrace, a broad sweep for the arrival and departure of vehicles, along with enclosures and low walls, which lend considerable grandeur to the whole. Over time these grounds have acquired an importance derived from their association with major events in Canadian life (ceremonies, celebrations, protests); they have contributed to the symbolic value of the place.    Residential gardens (Public Park) have a much more private, intimate character, whether they are pleasure gardens, vegetable or kitchen gardens or even small plots of aromatic herbs laid out next to private or official residences. Maplelawn in Ottawa, built from 1831 to 1834 by William Thomson, a farmer, had an adjoining walled garden. In its early stages it was probably a kitchen garden for the domestic use of the household. In the 1940s perennial borders were laid out. Today, the garden still has the four-square layout of the beds. Often many such distinct gardens are incorporated into the formal or informal design for the grounds of one residence. For example, the W.B. MOTHERWELL HOMESTEAD in Saskatchewan, developed over time since 1883 and taking into account the local climate and the scientific expertise of the time, contained various pleasure gardens, vegetable gardens, orchards and shelterbelts. RIDEAU HALL in Ottawa, with its fine perennial gardens, is an example of a pleasure garden situated in the pastoral setting of an official estate.    Specialized gardens (Public Park), often designed in response to changing fashions, exclusively feature a single physical element such as water, rocks or roses, or a structural element such as greenhouses, glass-walled rooms or statues. Aquatic gardens, perennial gardens, rose gardens, sculpture gardens, zoological gardens, enclosed gardens, winter gardens, roof gardens and even greenhouses are familiar examples of specialized gardens. A notable example of this garden type is the Cascade of Times rock garden at Banff, constructed in 1935 and intended to display the geology of the Rockies. References Braun, Bradley M.  (May 1992) Science Parks as Economic Development Policy. Castells, Manuel and Hall, Peter. (1994). Technopoles of the world: the making of twenty-first-century industrial complexes. London ;  Ã‚  New York :  Routledge. Duroso, Thomas. (July 8, 1996). Research Parks: Forming Strategies to Adapt to End of Building Boom. Levitt, Rachelle. (1987).  The University/Real Estate Connection: Research Parks and Other  Ventures. Washington, D.C.:   Urban Land Institute.

Influences of Immigration to the UK, and the Impact

Influences of Immigration to the UK, and the Impact 1.1 Overview The dissertation aims to thoroughly investigate the main influencing factors that do inspire skilled manpower from Bangladesh to immigrate to other countries especially to first world countries. Simultaneously, the dissertation also purposes to identify, analyse and establish the significance of the ultimate impact of such migration on the country, notably on its business ventures. The economy of Bangladesh is highly dependent on the export of human resources and foreign exchange associated with their remittance. However, there has been a significant change in the global labour market in recent times due to a demand for skilled and educated manpower, which is why Bangladesh is now facing stiff competition from new entrants such as Vietnam, Cambodia and Nepal in this traditional market. While Bangladesh government is trying to create skilled workers and export them, highly skilled professionals are now with the changed scenarios migrating in groups leaving their positions vacant, which is a great concern for the government. Due to such migration, government of Bangladesh as well as private organizations are lacking sufficient and trained high-skilled professionals to fulfil their vacant positions and ultimately suffering from mismanagement. As is the scenario, Bangladesh is a third-world country located in the South Asia, where almost half of the population lives under the extreme poverty line announced by the UN. Being a poor and over populated country, the country is now only a developing one and modern civic facilities here in this country are therefore almost absent or insufficient. The country badly lacks in providing most basic needs such as food, housing and treatment and let alone education, security, and welfare. In spite of remarkable growth in the GDP, per capita income is only about $300 in the country. Besides, with the social disorder, political unrest and ever increasing violence in the society, only a few people have real wish to live here. Above all, environmental threat such as desertification, sea-level rise, seasonal change and natural disasters etc. add up fuel in them to jump off the country. It is warned that if the continual rise in the world-temperature carries on, almost a-third of the country will go under water with the rise in the sea-level by 2040. Eventually, citizens of all walks of the country are migration-oriented and each year, a lot of people shift themselves to the richer countries in order to avail themselves of the economic and social opportunities. However, many others migrate to be with their family members who have already migrated to other countries. Education, being another reason for leaving country, is also responsible for international migration as once students go abroad to pursue their studies, they ultimately settle there and do not bother to return. However, these migrations have a huge impact on the country especially on its smooth supply of killed workforce in a number of sectors due to deserting many positions all on a sudden. Eventually, different sectors suffer much lacking proper manpower. It is a fact that in Bangladesh, there are about 150 millions of people, but no right people in the right place due the shortage of proper training and f requent migration. 1.2 Rationale In their election manifesto, one of the two largest political parties, Bangladesh Awami League, clearly announced that short, medium and long term plans will be made and implemented for poverty reduction, efficient management for quick industrialization that can provide employment, speedy expansion of stock market, maintenance of law order and discipline, elimination of bribe and corruption and administrative difficulties, avoidance of political influence, creation of an investment friendly environment and a competitive market system, adoption of innovative technology, and provision of infrastructural facilities that are able to attract entrepreneurs and expand domestic market. In order to encourage investment by local and foreign entrepreneurs and expatriate Bangladeshis, the ONE-STOP facility will be made effective by simplifying legal and procedural formalities. Measures will be put in place to protect indigenous industries. Development of IT industry, strengthening of RMG and textile sectors and expansion of food processing, pharmaceuticals, leather, chemical products, toys, jewellery and furniture industries will be given priority. Special initiative will be taken for alternative use of jute and to make jute industry viable. Small and handicraft industries and agro-based industry will be encouraged and will be given all cooperation in the expansion of markets at home and abroad. Expansion in tourism sector, increase in labour export, and investment of remittance received from expatriate Bangladeshis in productive sectors will be ensured. All above targets and project implementations need sufficiently skilled, highly educated and experienced workforce. However, once the present government started implementation procedure, they have been facing the problem of not having ‘the right people in the right place’ in almost all sectors due to frequent migration which is why both the government and private organizations are now looking into the rationale of the frequent migrations of their employees that has been affecting their targets terribly. According to Office for National Statistics (UK) report on International Migration, Bangladesh, being one of the smallest countries in the world, is one of the top 10 countries of migrants (Source: Table C(ii): Top 10 countries of last of next residence of migrants who are non-British citizens, IPS only, 2005–2006 combined). Therefore, it is indeed justified to study the reasons of skilled people’s immigration from Bangladesh and its effects and aftereffects on organizations while they are recruiting senior especially officials for project implementation. 1.3 The Research Questions The basic aims of the research questions are establish motivating factors that lead thousands of people over the world leave their homeland every year to journey to the other countries from their countries of origins. They simultaneously aim at establishing the deep-rooted impacts of such migration on companies, organizations and recruiters in their recruitment leaving long-term significance on the country. They research questions are stated below. 1. Do Bangladeshi people leave their native country? The very first question aims to establish a general trend among Bangladeshi people i.e. skilled workforce starting from forecast to find out its way to accumulate more obvious secondary data to be processed based on other primary and secondary data found in the relevant field. 2. Why do they plan to leave their native country? The second question aims to establish typical reasons for Bangladeshi skilled employees to leave their jobs and migrate to other countries. It also aims to organize the factors sequentially from more obvious to less determining the burning issues with employees working in the country. 3. What factors lead skilled and educated employees to plan their migrations? The third question is a less general one concentrating on only educated and skilled employees to demonstrate their motivational factors to migration to a different country. 4. How does it impact recruitment process? The final question is the core one that will seek out to demonstrate all positive and negative impacts of such migration on the recruitment process as well as the country. It will determine the impacts that skilled-workers’ migrations can cause and will be mostly answered using processed data supplied by different agencies, organizations and recruiters. Firstly, all primary data from individuals will help us here to identify the relevant respondents’ perspectives and then finally secondary data will assist them to intensify. Hypothesis The hypotheses for the dissertation are as follows. H 1. A lot of Bangladeshi people migrate from their country. H 2. Mostly skilled and educated people are migrating from the country. H 3. Employed people who are not satisfied with their salaries and/or other opportunities are migrating. H 4. Those skilled employees are migrating to developed 1st world countries that beckon better facilities. H 5. The majority of the migrating people are deserting their positions in Bangladesh. H 6. This migration is affecting the recruitment process in Bangladeshi a lot. 1.4 Definition of Related Terms In the very beginning of the discussion, it is really important to define the terms that are embedded in the topic. As we see in the topic, the words migration, employees, employers and recruitment as well as their related terms are to be defined for better presentation. It is to be noted that the terms are sometimes replaced by their synonyms which are given below just after their definitions. 1.5.1 Migration: Different organizations have defined the word in various ways. According to the United Nations, it is simply a ‘transfer lasting more than one year’ (Anna Karenina: The Brain-drain in Lithuania, p10). However, there are more appropriate definitions of the word are found which are appended below. The web-based definitions of the word are (http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=migration) †¢ (n) migration (the movement of persons from one country or locality to another) †¢ (n) migration (a group of people migrating together [especially in some given time period]) †¢ (n) migration ((chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule) †¢ S: (n) migration (the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding) Again, online thesaurus defines it like the following (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/migration: Noun1. migration the movement of persons from one country or locality to another Related terms: emigration, out-migration, expatriation migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another) immigration, in-migration migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) movement, move, motion the act of changing location from one place to another; police controlled the motion of the crowd; the movement of people from the farms to the cities; his move put him directly in my path 2. migration a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period) people (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively; old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience The synonyms of the word are immigration, wandering, journey, voyage, travel, movement, shift, trek, emigration, roving, and expatriation. One of the commonest definitions of the word is as follows. Migration: the movement of persons from one country or locality to another (http://www.wordreference.com/definition/migration) What migration refers, however, can be divided into two types. One is emigration and the other immigration. Emigration typically refers to the process of people leaving a nation (Adler and Gielen) . On the other hand, immigration is the process that involves people entering and settling in a country or region to which one is not native (The Free Dictionary) . Secondly, employees refer to the persons involved in doing any job or paid work under any authority. The term employee is defined as a worker who is hired to perform a job (wordnetweb) while an employer is ‘a person or firm that employs workers’ (wordnetweb) . Finally, the term recruitment â€Å"refers to the process of screening, and selecting qualified people for a job at an organization or firm, or for a vacancy† or ‘the process or art of finding candidates for a post in an organization, or of recruits for the armed forces† . External recruitment is the process of attracting and selecting employees from outside the organization. 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: The main objective of the dissertation is to examine the overall status of international migration of skilled people from Bangladesh. Simultaneously, it aims at examining the influences on recruitment process due to such migration. 2. Introduction to Literature Review It is a fact that literature review is one of the most important components of any research being undertaken. The basic aim of the review is to spot or identify the current status or state of the investigation in relevant field. It also facilitates the facts and findings of others working in the same field by providing some invaluable background information and statistics. 2.1 Brief History of Migration in Bangladesh In this globalized world, the annual growth rate of the global migration increased from ‘1.2 per cent in 1965-1975 to 3 per cent in early 2000’ (Abella, 2002). The increase in the movement of workers is indicative of increased employment opportunity in the global market. One and the same, since its inception in 1971, from Bangladesh, one of the major emigrating countries in the world, migration has enabled many people to obtain productive, fulfilling and creative work. However, for many others, it has failed to provide jobs of acceptable quality. Yet, each year a large number of people voluntarily migrate overseas for both long- and short-term employment. The earliest immigrants from the British-ruled Indian province of Bengal arrived in first-world countries during the late nineteenth century. They accompanied a small number of retired British Indian officers as either servants or workmen. During the independence of India in 1947, the old Bengal was split, and its Muslim-dominated eastern part became East Pakistan and following a struggle for independence Bangladesh separated from Pakistan in 1971. Despite political independence, and development of a clothes and textiles industry, Bangladeshis experienced a low standard of living which is why people started to seek a better life elsewhere. Thus the trend to immigrate among Bangladeshis started since the inception of the country. During the independence war, the operation of the Pakistani military in East Pakistan in 1971 caused an estimated 8 to 10 million refugees to cross the border into India in one of the great mass movements of modern times. Apart from the above, since 80’s educated youth, skilled workers and executives, and unskilled workers have been migrating from the country in regular basis, mainly migrated to the Middle East and other regions. Additionally, Bangladesh have also lost some highly skilled members of the work force to Western Europe and North America. As time has progressed, the country experienced more migration of skilled employees to somewhere. During the past year, 370,000 Bangladeshis have found employment in Malaysia. It has been learnt that a further 100,000 may also be able to go within this year. This recent Reuters article places most Bangladeshi migrant workers in the Middle East, US, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia and Singapore (The Migration and Remittances Factbook 2008). In fact, migration to other developing countries is more prevalent than it is thought. Mr. Dilip Ratha and William Shaw have estimated in a World Bank Working Paper taking Bangladesh and India for example that Bilateral migration data estimates show 50 million skilled people born in Bangladesh live in outside. The New Nation reported recently that some 370,000 Bangladeshis have found employment in Malaysia and about 100,000 are expected to join them this year. Increasingly, immigration policies of developed countries tend to favour the entry of skilled workers, raising substantial concerns among sending countries. Among many others, the first concern is that a higher skilled content of migration is found to be associated with a lower flow of remittances and second, there is little evidence suggesting that raising the skill composition of migration has a positive effect on the educational achievements in the home country. 2.2 Number of Migrants Located in the north-eastern part of South Asia, Bangladesh lies between 20 º34 and 26 º36 north latitude and 88 º01 and 92  º 41’ east longitudes. These picturesque geographical boundaries frame a low lying plain of about 1,47,570 sq. km criss-crossed by innumerable rivers and streams having population of about 120 million which makes it the eighth populous country of the world. As is stated before, the country is has been experiencing emigrated people since its inception and the rates of the university-educated people’s immigration tend to be higher than for the general population in developing countries. This is even greater for scientists, engineers, and members of the medical profession.In South Asia, the tertiary-educated people’s emigration rate from the region is more than 100 times greater than primary or secondary educated people. In 2005, total stock of emigration from Bangladesh was 4,885,704, which was 3.4% percent of the population. Among all emigrating countries in the world, the country placed 5th in that year, whereas in the year 2000, it was not in the top 10 list of tertiary educated emigration list. 2.3 Top Destinations In 2005, by a rough estimate, two of every five migrants on the globe were residing in a developing country. Most of these migrants are likely to have come from other developing countries. The extent and issues surrounding migration between developing countries, however, remain poorly understood, largely because data on migration in developing countries are incomplete and unreliable. However, as far as the destination is concern, Bangladeshi emigrants have been regularly emigrated to a selected list of countries. According to siteresources.worldbank.org, the 10 top destination countries of Bangladeshi emigrants in 2005 were India, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, United States, Oman, Italy, Canada, Singapore, Rep. of Korea, and Malaysia. However, the UN Population Division differs a bit. As per them, the top Immigration Countries are the US, Russia, Germany, Ukraine, France, Saudi Arabia, Canada, India, U.K., Spain, Australia, Pakistan, U.A.E, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Cote dIvoire, Jo rdan, Japan, Iran, Singapore, West Bank Gaza, Ghana, Kuwait, Switzerland, Malaysia, Netherlands, Argentina, Turkey, and Uzbekistan. The following bar graph shows the details relating to those counties’ immigration pattern in 2005. 3. Introduction to Methodology: In order to provide a complete up-to-date analysis, both secondary and primary researches were carried out. A variety of methods were considered to find the most suitable ones collecting the specific types of data. 3.1 Secondary Research: Secondary research normally denotes an activity whereby no new original data is collected but where the research project draws an existing sources alone. Secondary data can be seen as books, journals, statistical reports from government and other document . In order to access relevant data, it was essential to use a variety of different sources of information. Majority of time was spent in learning resource centre at Thames Valley University where possible to gain access not only to textbooks, but also to a variety of magazines, journals and online databases. Very useful were search engines like EBOSCOhost and Emerald, which can pull information from a range of academic sources. Some time was also spent in Ealing Library browsing through additional text. A vast amount of articles found was Bangladeshi Language; therefore a fair amount of time was spent on translation of those texts. 3.2 Primary Research: The aim of the primary research is to seek the answer to one the key questions of this dissertation; What are the main factors/motivators affecting the decision of highly skilled labour to migrate form Bangladesh? It is very important to select the most adequate and reliable primary data collection methods. Various ways of collecting data will be discussed in this chapter as well as why have been chosen or declined or specific information collection. Primary research generally refers to that research which involves the collection of original data using an accepted research methodology. 3.2.1 Types of Research: There are two different types of research: qualitative and quantitative. Therefore, first of all it is important to make distinction between these two types of research methods. According to Clarck, Riley, Wilkie and Wood (2003) qualitative techniques rely on the skills of the researcher as an interviewer in gathering data whereas quantities methods place reliance upon the research instruments employed to gather data and analyse it. According to Jennings (2001) qualitative data is based on textual representations of the phenomenon under study, often referred to as phenomenological approach. Qualitative or inductive research commences in the empirical social world, where data about the phenomenon are gathered, and then analysed and theoretical constructions are generated. Research that utilise a qualitative methodology draws on data collection methods such as participant observations, in-depth interviews, semi structured interviews, case studies and focus groups. Veal (1992) argues that data could also be collected through informal interviewing as well as in depth interviews. Qualitative research enables researcher to highlight detailed and in depth snapshots of the participants under study. Quantitative research is grounded in the positivists social science paradigm that primary reflects the scientific method of the natural science. The quantitative approach to research usually involves statistical analysis. The data can be derived from questionnaire survey, observation or from secondary sources . The main quantitative methods for gathering data are: Æ’ËÅ" Questionnaires Æ’ËÅ" Non-participant observation Æ’ËÅ" Surveys Veal (1992) believes that these two approaches complement each other and even that qualitative research should be based on initial qualitative work. Webster, Stephen, Marshall and William (2004) also argue that the contrasting nature of positivism and phenomenological approaches can be used to complement each other. The feasibility of these statements can be backed up with the â€Å"mixed method approach† discussed by Jennings (2002), who states that this type of research is often used to gather information on the tourism phenomenon, which in some extent is migration process. 3.2.2 Data Gathering Methods: 3.2.2.1 Case Studies: Case studies are a complex research activity, which involves the through analysis of a single unit- a person, or a company. However, this method does not allow the researcher to apply theory developed to other similar cases. 3.2.2.2 Interviews: Interviews have been likened to conversations they are merely one of the many ways in which two people talk to one another . There are major advantages to using to using interviews. Researcher can collect more information and more complex information, response rate is generally very good and can use recording equipment. Also, interviewer can take a note of body language, gestures or facial expression of the interviewee . However interviews can be difficult to arrange, might be time consuming and quite costly. There is a range of interview types that can be applied when gathering information. Understand or in depth interviews are those interview where there is no formal schedule. The interviewer has the idea about the issues and might have a list of relevant topics and these are merely used as a guide . Main disadvantage about using those types of interviews is that they come up as a bit of a challenge. Interviewer has to be experienced and leas the conversation in order to gather relevant data. Veal (1992) mentions that in order to conduct a good in depth interview researcher has to have the skills of a â€Å"good investigate journalist†. For those who do not posses such skills, semis-structured interviews might be another option. According to Jennnings(2001) semi-structured interviews can be used by both qualitative methodologies. Those interviews still remain in the way of conversation type; however the interviewer has a prompt list of issues that focus the interaction. The main advantages of such interview are that the questions are not specifically predetermined; therefore the researcher is still able to ask further clarification on the particular issue . Also the semi-structured schedule provides a more relaxed interview setting. Due to a nature of the topic, an interview was not chosen as a method of gathering primary data. In order to complete the research many opinions have to be gathered and that can not be possibly done using interview method. Also, because the research country is quite a bit away from the UK, it would be vary difficult to match times with every interviewee and also very costly (air-ticket, accommodation, food, etc). 3.2.2.3 Focus Groups: Instead of interviewing participants individually, study participants individually, study participants are interviewed together . According to Veal (1992) groups usually comprises between 5 and 12 people. According to Jennings (2001) focus groups are used when the researcher believes that the interaction between group members will add to the richness of data collected. The main advantage of focus groups lies in the possibility between people, generation of new by the participants and the degree of flexibility to follow trends or issues. However, same as in depth interviews focus groups require an experienced facilitator to lead the discussion otherwise it may result in stronger personalities dominating the session. It was mostly the lack of experience that drove the decision of not using focus groups approach as the method for gathering information. 3.2.2.4 Observation: Observation can be participant or not participant, in either way researcher is observing the surroundings around him. In participant observation researcher becomes a participant in the process that is being studied. A participant observation raises a number of problems such as admittance to the particular site of observation and when admitted the way researcher should handle the activity . In the case participant observation is not realistic option because of the nature of research topic. Furthermore, non participant observation is not possible as the subject is not related for example to the length of the queue for breakfast, but requires educated population opinion and attitude. 3.2.2.5 Surveys: Surveys generally ask who, what, how many, or where. They tend to include relatively large samples and wide fields of study, often using questionnaire or standardise interviews. Surveys provide a good what to summarize the status of large group of individuals, companies, etc. (Johns and Lee-Ross, 1998-58) According to Jennings (2001) surveys are methods of data collection in which information is gathered through oral or written questioning. Surveys may also include self-completed questionnaires administered by post, e-mail or in person as well as structured interviews carried out in person or over the telephone. Surveys completed in person can use interviewer completed questionnaires as the tool to gather information. Mail or email surveys use questionnaires to gather data. Pilot surveys, which are small â€Å"trail runs† of a larger survey, are often carried to try our wording of questions, the understanding of terms used, to test sequencing of questions and to gain a preliminary estimate of the likely response rate. A pilot is a simple way of testing whether the articulation of the method(s) selected for use in a research programme is adequate to meeting research objectives. (Clark, Riley, Wilkie and Wood,2003) 3.2.2.6 Questionnaires: Questionnaires rely quite heavily on respondents being literate or familiar with the language used in questionnaire . Questionnaires can be used only when respondents are available and willing to participate as research subjects. The main advantages of using questionnaires are: Can cover a large number of people Relatively cheap Avoids respondents embarrassment Possible anonymity of respondent No interview bias When using questionnaires to perform primary data collection it is very important to remember some major disadvantages of using that method. First of it is very difficult to design a perfect questionnaire from a very first time. Bell (1992) suggests that producing a really good questionnaire is harder than it might be imagined. Another problem with questionnaire is regarding the actual questions itself, which have to be relatively simple. The advantage of questionnaire being anonymous can bring also a disadvantage of not being able offer assistance if needed. The major advantage to use questionnaires is that the reliability and validity of data collected depend upon respondents’ memories and forthrightness . Generally questionnaires are used when the researcher is specific on the subjects of the investigation; the research is covering a relatively large number of people gathering facts or opinions; or when the researcher is trying to establish the extent of something . Special data processing is often needed because of the considerable amount of missing data or simply to evaluate data received and present it in graphs/charts . Questionnaires may be self employed or interviewer completed. The interviewer completed questionnaires give an opportunity for face to face interaction, which can contribute to increased participation; it can also bring it clarification sought by the respondent regarding language problems or terms used . However, that sort of activity would involve high travel cost and tends to be rather time consuming, as well as refuses the possibility of anonymity. Whereas self completed questionnaires at their own time peace. On contrary, respondents are not able to seek assistance or clarification on the questions if needed. Respondents may not understand the language of the questionnaire and therefore it may result in questionnaire being partly completed or non-completed at all, which would lower the response rate . For this particular research it was decided to develop a structured questionnaire and take survey as many emigrate from Bangladesh as possible. In total target are 200 interviews; participation from emigrate person from Bangladesh in this survey via email, face to face interview. 3.2.3 Sampling: Sampling is a process that involves the selection of some members of the larger population . In most survey research and some observational research it is necessary to sample. Usually sampling approach is used where research is concerned with a very wide group of population . Clark, Riley, Wilkie and Wood (2003) suggest that samples are frequently studied in order to learn something about the characteristics of the larger groups of which they are part. Sampling can be random and non-random. The key feature of non-random sampling is that items for research are chosen not randomly but purposively . Random sampling is a sampling technique where a group of subjects for a study is selected by the researcher from a larger group (a population). Each individual is chosen entirely by a chance and each member of the population has a chance of being included in the sample . In the non-random s